20/9/07

Uso de VIM.

Introducción.
Uso de VIM.

Como ustedes sabran el vim es uno de los editores de texto, más utilizados en la actualidad.
Primero comenzaremos por saber que versión de vim tenemos.
Para ello tipeamos:

vi --version

VIM - Vi IMproved 7.0 (2006 May 7, compiled Aug 29 2007 10:59:43)
Parches incluidos: 1-122, 234-235, 39
Compilado por jmm@
Versión «grande» sin GUI. Aspectos incluidos (+) o no (-):
+arabic +autocmd -balloon_eval -browse ++builtin_terms +byte_offset +cindent
-clientserver -clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments
+cryptv +cscope +cursorshape +dialog_con +diff +digraphs -dnd -ebcdic
+emacs_tags +eval +ex_extra +extra_search +farsi +file_in_path +find_in_path
+folding -footer +fork() +gettext -hangul_input +iconv +insert_expand +jumplist
+keymap +langmap +libcall +linebreak +lispindent +listcmds +localmap +menu
+mksession +modify_fname +mouse -mouseshape +mouse_dec +mouse_gpm
-mouse_jsbterm +mouse_netterm +mouse_xterm +multi_byte +multi_lang -mzscheme
-netbeans_intg -osfiletype +path_extra -perl +postscript +printer -profile
-python +quickfix +reltime +rightleft -ruby +scrollbind +signs +smartindent
-sniff +statusline -sun_workshop +syntax +tag_binary +tag_old_static
-tag_any_white -tcl +terminfo +termresponse +textobjects +title -toolbar
+user_commands +vertsplit +virtualedit +visual +visualextra +viminfo +vreplace
+wildignore +wildmenu +windows +writebackup -X11 -xfontset -xim -xsmp
-xterm_clipboard -xterm_save
fichero «vimrc» del sistema: "$VIM/vimrc"
fichero «vimrc» del usuario: "$HOME/.vimrc"
fichero «exrc» del usuario: "$HOME/.exrc"
localización de $VIM: "/usr/share/vim"
Compilación: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -O2 -g -Wall
Enlazado: gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o vim -lncurses -lacl -lgpm


No importa si no comprendemos esto, lo que quiere decir es que tenemos vi instalado en nuestro sistema.

Crear un nuevo proyecto.

Lo que vamos hacer a continuación es crear un nuevo archivo llamado "prueba".
Para ello tipeamos en un terminal:

vim prueba

Modos.

En vim podemos destacar 2 estados:
1). Modo comando, que nos permite abrir archivos,guardar, cortar lineas, etc.
2) Modo de edición, en el cual podemos modificar el archivo de texto a gusto.

Comandos.

Para entrar en modo comando debemos precionar la tecla ESC seguida de : (dos puntos).
Estando en modo comando podemos realizar las siguientes convinaciones:

a: Entrar en modo edición y agregar texto tipeando justo detras de la posición del cursor.
i: Ingresas en modo edición delante de la posición del cursor.
A: Añade texto al final de la linea actual.
I: Inserta texto al comienzo de la linea.
O: Inserta una nueva linea entre la línea actual y la línea inferior de la posición del cursor.

Guardar / Salir.

Guardar el archivo y seguir editando. :w
Guarda el archivo y sale del editor. :wq!
Salir sin guardar los cambios . :q!

Como desplazarnos en Vim.

w: Mover el cursor hacia la siguiente palabra.
e: Mover el cursor hacia el final de la palabra.
b: Mover cursor al comienzo de la palabra.
): Mover el cursor hacia el inicio de la proxima oración.
(: Mover el cursor hacia el inicio de la oración actual.
}: Mover el cursor hacia el inicio del proximo parrafo.
{: Mover el cursor hacia el inicio del parrafo actual
G: Mover el cursor hacia el final del archivo.

También disponemos de algunas convinaciones.

CTRL+F: Mueve una pantalla completa hacia adelante.
CTRL+B: Mueve una pantalla completa hacia atrás.

Para borrar caracteres disponemos del comando x, que acepta prefijos numericos para definir cuantos caracteres deceas borrar. Como por ejemplo: 10x.

También tenemos el comando D.

dw: Borra desde la posición actual hasta el final de la palabra.
10dw: Borra la palabra actual y las nueve proximas.
D: Borra todo lo que hay hasta el final de la linea actual.
3d$: Borra las tres próximas lñineas.
d): Borra todo hasta el comienzo del proximo parrafo.
dd: borra la linea actual.

Retroceder.
Si nos equivocamos o queremos retroceder un paso hacia atras podemos utilizar:

u: Deshace el último cambio.
U: Deshace todos los cambios realizados a una linea desde que el cursor se posicionó en ella.
e!: Deshace todos los cambios desde el momento que se abrió el archivo.

Copiar & Pegar.

Para copiar y pegar se realizaran 3 pasos.
1). Copiar el contenido.
2). Ubicar el cursor en la nueva posición.
3). Pegar el contenido.

yw: Copia una palabra.
y$: Copia todo hasta el final de la línea actual.
y): Copia todo hasta el final de la oración actual.
y}: Copia todo hasta el final del párrafo actual.
5y: Copia cinco lineas, comenzando por la línea actual.

Una vez que se copio el texto movemos el cursor a la ubicación donde va a ser pegado y precionamos el comando p.

Atentamente Eric.


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